Subscribe
Jobs
Cars
Real Estate
Apts
Classifieds
Shop
Dear Mayo Clinic: My daughter’s doctor said her PPD was positive and sent her for a chest X-ray to rule out TB. Is it possible to have a false-positive result? Her pediatrician says she should follow up with an infectious diseases doctor and start on medication, even if her chest film is clear. Should she continue to have PPD tests in the future? Do they affect her chances of activating TB?
Answer:
The test used to help evaluate for tuberculosis infection involves injecting a substance called purified protein derivative, or PPD, tuberculin within the skin of your inside forearm. Health care providers determine if the tuberculin skin test is positive or negative by the appearance and size of a raised bump (induration) produced 48 to 72 hours after the test. The reaction isn’t an infection; it is the individual’s immune system response to the test.
A positive tuberculin skin test usually means the person either currently or previously was infected with the bacteria that cause tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But, the test results don’t separate inactive infection from active tuberculosis disease. People who have a positive result should be evaluated for active tuberculosis.
False-positive tuberculin skin test results are possible. Potential sources for false-positive results include previous administration of bacille Calmette-Guirin, a tuberculosis vaccine, especially if it’s been given recently.
For people who suspect a false-positive tuberculin skin test result, two options exist. The test can be repeated and read by a health care provider specifically trained in its interpretation. The second option is a relatively new blood test, known as an interferon gamma release assay. This test uses a blood draw to identify and distinguish infection with “M. tuberculosis” from most non-tuberculosis mycobacteria and BCG vaccination. It is more expensive, however, than the standard skin test.
Once a person has a true-positive tuberculin skin test, the immune system remains sensitized and future results will generally remain positive. Thus, retesting in the future is not necessary. Having a tuberculin skin test does not increase the risk of activating tuberculosis. – John Wilson, M.D., infectious diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
Readers:
Here’s yet another item to add to the long list of health problems that can be caused by smoking cigarettes: Among those with degenerative or wear-and-tear knee arthritis (osteoarthritis), smokers have greater cartilage loss and more severe knee pain than do nonsmokers. That’s according to a study led by Mayo Clinic researchers and published in a recent issue of “Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.”
After adjusting for factors that may have influenced cartilage damage, such as weight and age, researchers found that smokers had about 2 1/2 times greater risk of cartilage loss, compared with those who had never smoked or stopped smoking. Smokers also reported higher pain scores. – Adapted from “Mayo Clinic Health Letter”
