NEW YORK – Big bonuses could be back in store for some top executives and traders on Wall Street as profitability returned to the investment banking industry in 2009, according to a study.

Johnson Associates said employees at companies that no longer are under strict government oversight are likely to find a big boost in their year-end paychecks compared with 2008. But pay is still likely to fall below that seen in 2007 when the stock market and bonuses peaked, the compensation consulting firm said.

Overall, Johnson Associates projects workers at Wall Street banks will see between a 30 percent and 40 percent jump in year-end bonuses in 2009 compared with last year.

The increase in pay is likely to be even larger than average for equities, bonds and derivatives traders who have helped drive profits at their respective firms as the market has surged nearly nonstop since hitting a 12-year low in March.

Banking bonuses have been a hot-button political issue as financial markets have recovered much faster than the broader economy and the nation’s unemployment rate exceeds 10 percent.

Improving markets allowed some major financial firms to repay their bailout money to the government and now can set their sights on paying employees without restrictions.

The government gave hundreds of banks money last year as the credit crisis peaked and investment bank Lehman Brothers collapsed. With that money came restrictions on executive compensation.

For companies such as Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and JPMorgan Chase & Co. that have already repaid their government bailout, the restrictions have been lifted, freeing them up to lavish employees with bonuses.

Goldman had set aside $16.71 billion, or about 47 percent of net revenue, through the first nine months of the year for compensation, which includes salaries, bonuses and associated costs such as benefits and payroll taxes.

Goldman’s chief financial officer, David Viniar, said last month decisions on bonuses are not made until the end of the year and the company, based in New York, would be taking into account the economic climate.